The lumbar spine is composed of five vertebrae, numbered L1 to L5. Discs separate each vertebra, providing cushioning and stability. The discs are made of a tough, outer layer of cartilage called the annulus fibrosus and a softer, gel-like center, called the nucleus pulposus. When these discs become damaged, it can lead to pain, numbness, and other symptoms.
L4 and L5 are the fourth and fifth vertebrae in the lumbar spine, respectively. Disc problems in these vertebrae can be caused by a variety of factors, including age, injury, or disease.
Age
As we age, our discs naturally begin to wear down. This is due to the gradual loss of water content in the nucleus pulposus. This loss of water makes the disc less able to absorb shock and less flexible, and it can lead to a number of disc problems, including herniated and bulging discs.
Injury
Injury is another common cause of disc problems. Traumatic injuries, such as those caused by a fall or car accident, can cause the discs to tear or rupture. In addition, repetitive motions that put strain on the spine, such as lifting or bending, can damage the discs over time.
Disease
Certain diseases can also lead to disc problems in the lumbar spine. Conditions such as osteoarthritis and spondylolisthesis can cause the discs to degenerate, leading to herniated and bulging discs. Other conditions, such as ankylosing spondylitis, can cause the vertebrae to fuse together, leading to an unstable spine.
Disc problems in the lumbar spine can be a source of chronic pain and disability. Fortunately, there are many treatments available to help manage these conditions. These include physical therapy, medications, and, in some cases, surgery. It is important to speak to your doctor if you are experiencing any pain or discomfort in your lower back.